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Bio-oil can be fractionated into three parts according to their boiling point. Here we report that diesel distillate and residual oil fractions can be converted into high-quality fuels by catalytic hydrocracking with the combined CoMoS/Al2O3 and HZSM-5 catalysts. Under the conditions of 390°C and 6MPa H2, a high yield (87.0wt.%) of liquid products was obtained. The compositions were C7–C14 hydrocarbons,...
The gas/water interfacial tension (IFT) is an important property that influences many aspects within the petroleum industry, e.g., the vertical distribution of the hydrocarbons and multiphase flow calculations. Laboratory measurement of IFT usually requires an expensive experimental apparatus and a sophisticated interpretation procedure. This paper presents the use of the artificial neural network...
The performance of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine is simulated using the AVL-FIRE code. The effects of four piston shapes on mixture formation and combustion are compared and analyzed. For GDI engines with forward tumble and multihole high-pressure injector, a piston with flat top surface and pit is beneficial for the maintenance of in-cylinder turbulence intensity. Such structure aids in...
A novel bio-fuel, glucose solution emulsified diesel, was evaluated for performance and emissions. To determine the effects of preparation conditions on the stability time of glucose solution emulsified diesel, an orthogonal experimental design L25(55) was used. According to the results of orthogonal experiment, a nonlinear regression model was constructed by response surface methodology (RSM) and...
Conceptual design of two options of carbon dioxide utilized gas-to-liquids process (CUGP), which mainly produces light olefins and Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) synthetic oils, has been implemented with the aid of Aspen Plus software. The mass and energy stream results as well as the process efficiencies and CO2 emissions of the proposed options were obtained from the developed models. The capital investment...
Ignition delay times of 1-butene were measured behind reflected shock wave at the pressures of 1.2, 4.0, 16.0atm, in temperature range of 1000–1700K and equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0. Results show that ignition delay times exhibit the typical Arrhenius dependence on temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio and fuel concentration. A correlation was deduced from the experimental data. Comparison...
Different injection strategies have been widely studied in both multi- and single-cylinder diesel engines, testing different fuels. However, studies including hydrocarbons speciation are scarce or even inexistent. In the present work, carbonyl compounds (CCs) and particulate-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emissions, from a heavy-duty single-cylinder diesel engine, have been analyzed...
This work is focused on the design optimization of a pre-combustion CO2 capture plant comprising a sweet high-temperature water–gas shift process and an integrated H2S and CO2 removal process using a mixture of dimethylethers of polyethylene glycol as physical solvent. The steady-state model of the commercial-scale plant has been derived from pilot plant models, which have been extensively validated...
To study the spontaneous combustion and anaerobic cooling of coal, a 15-t experimental furnace was constructed, and large-scale spontaneous combustion tests were conducted. The coal sample came from No. 3 seam in Dongtan mine in Yanzhou coalfield, Shandong province, China. The variations in temperature, gas ratios, oxygen consumption rate, and heat intensity were studied. The experimental results...
A photothermal chamber with a transparent transducer and a 1450nm laser were used to measure the water content of hydrated ethanol biofuel. The values of water content in the fuel samples assessed using the photothermal chamber were compared with reference values certified by Karl-Fischer titration. The results indicate good agreement between these two methodologies. Detection thresholds of 0.73 and...
The structure and dynamics of microemulsion based hybrid biofuels (MHBFs) from Thevetia peruviana seed oil (TPO) were investigated for the first time in this study. Nonionic surfactants like fatty esters (FAME), oleyl alcohol (OA) and ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE) were introduced into the system to investigate their influence on MHBF characteristics. Introduction of these surfactants resulted...
Aquathermolysis process is one of the key and economical viscosity reduction technologies being considered for the successful exploitation of huge heavy oil deposits across the world. The paper substantially reviewed the progress made and the fundamental issues related to catalysts development. The most appropriate catalysts are those containing strong, active sites that can actively break the CC,...
Changes in fuel characteristics and design of diesel engines have been applied in the last decades to reduce pollutant emissions in the transportation sector. Characteristics of exhaust particles and their environmental impacts need to be brought up to date. In this study, diesel and rapeseed oil were used in modern internal combustion engines (BMW and John Deere) in order to simulate stationary and...
This research investigates the catalytic properties of char which was recovered directly from a biomass gasifier. Poplar wood was gasified in steam and CO2 environments in a fluidized bed reactor at temperatures ranging from 550 to 920°C. Char was composed of 85% carbon with concentrations of N, H, and S between 0.3% and 3%, depending on gasification conditions. The inorganics (Ca, K, Na, P, Si, Mg)...
The applicability of the radiocarbon (14C) method for the quantification of the biogenic carbon fractions at different stages of the Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) production process is demonstrated in this study. The 14C-based biogenic carbon fractions were determined in process flue gas and raw SNG and were 38% and 89% respectively, for a mixture of wood and fossil lignite with 75±3% biogenic carbon...
Laminar burning velocities, SL, of methyl formate and air flames were determined at atmospheric pressure and initial gas temperatures, T, of 298, 318, 338 and 348K. Measurements were performed in non-stretched flames, stabilized on a perforated plate burner at adiabatic conditions, generated using the heat flux method. These new experimental data shed light on discrepancies seen in previously published...
The pyrolysis of typical components of biomass waste, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin and starch was performed and compared in a continuous-weighting fixed bed reactor acting as a macro thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), namely macro-TGA. The mass loss and mass loss rate with time derived from macro-TGA looks similar to TG curve and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curve from TGA. Compared...
This paper investigates an experimental study of Alcohols–gasoline Dual-Fuel Spark Ignition (DFSI) Combustion for knock suppression and high fuel efficiency using a gasoline engine with high compression ratio. Alcohols–gasoline DFSI is organized using a port-fuel-injection (PFI) of high oxygenated, high latent heat and high octane number fuel to suppress knock and a direct injection (DI) of high energy...
The dilution effects of inert components N2 and CO2 on the propagation and extinction of lean premixed H2/CO/air syngas flames were experimentally and numerically investigated. Extinction stretch rates were measured using the counterflow technique while laminar flame speed data were obtained from literatures. Numerical simulations were conducted at 1-D freely propagating configuration and opposed-jet...
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